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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(6): 759-766, jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-753516

ABSTRACT

Surgical resection of lung cancer, the only available curative option today, is strongly associated with mortality. The goal during the perioperative period is to identify and evaluate appropriate candidates for lung resection in a more careful way and reduce the immediate perioperative risk and posterior disability. This is a narrative review of perioperative risk assessment in lung cancer resection. Instruments designed to facilitate decision-making have been implemented in recent years but with contradictory results. Cardiovascular risk assessment should be the first step before a potential lung resection, considering that most of these patients are old, smokers and have atherosclerosis. Respiratory mechanics determined by postoperative forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the evaluation of the alveolar-capillary membrane by diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide and cardiopulmonary function measuring the maximum O2 consumption, will give clues about the patient s respiratory and cardiac response to stress. With these assessments, the patient and its attending team can reach a treatment decision balancing the perioperative risk, the chances of survival and the pulmonary long-term disability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Preoperative Care , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Oxygen Consumption , Predictive Value of Tests , Respiratory Function Tests , Risk Factors
2.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 18(3): 274-279, jul.-sept. 2007. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515856

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The inflammatory bowel disease includes a group of pathologies of unknown etiology, that include ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease and indeterminate colitis, with a chronic clinical presentation, being an important medical problem. Aims: to describe the clinical profile of the inflammatory bowel disease at the Chillan hospital (Chile), referring center of Ñuble province. Patients and method: a descriptive study, reviewing clinical cards of adult patients, with diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease obtained from the data base of the department of statistics of the hospital, between years 2000-2005, with positive biopsy for the disease. Results: 34 cases of the disease were diagnosed. The average age of presentation was of 38.1 years with female/male ratio of 2,4: 1. of these, 77.1 percent corresponded to ulcerative colitis. Patients presented at least one of the following manifestations at the entrance: abdominal pain, prolonged diarrhea, hematochezia or rectal bleeding. A coincidence between endoscopic and histologic diagnosis was observed in 86.9 percent of a patients with ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: ulcerative colitis was the most frequent type of intestinal inflammatory disease, with predominance in female. The diagnosis was confirmed by hystopatologic studies, being endoscopy an important approach. The obtained results were similar to the national and international reports in most of the studied topics.


La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) engloba un grupo de patologías de etiología desconocida, multifactoriales, que incluyen la colitis ulcerosa (CU), la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la colitis indeterminada, de presentación clínica polimorfa y crónica, siendo un importante problema medico. Objetivo: describir el perfil clínico de la EII del hospital base de Chillan, centro referente de Ñuble. Pacientes y método: se practican un estudio descriptivo, revisando las fichas clínicas de pacientes adultos, con diagnostico de EII obtenidas desde la base de datos del departamento de estadísticas del hospital, entre los años 2000-2005, con biopsia positiva para la enfermedad. Resultados: se diagnosticaron 34 casos de la enfermedad. La edad media de presentación fue de 38,1 años con una relación mujeres/hombres de 2,4:1. de estos, 77,1 por ciento correspondió a CU. Todos presentaron al menos una de las siguientes manifestaciones al ingreso: dolor abdominal, diarrea prolongada, diarrea mucosanguinolenta o rectorragia franca. Se estudiaron con endoscopia y biopsia, observándose una correlación entre ambos del 86,9 por ciento para la CU. Conclusiones: la CU correspondió al tipo mas frecuente de EII, con predominio del sexo femenino. El diagnostico fue confirmado por estudio histopatológico, siendo la endoscopia una importante aproximación. Los resultados obtenidos fueron similares a los reportes tanto nacionales como internacionales en la mayoría de los tópicos estudiados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Crohn Disease/complications , Crohn Disease/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Clinical Evolution , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 78(1): 54-60, feb. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-465083

ABSTRACT

El maltrato infantil es un tema que permanece vigente en nuestro país. En el último tiempo hemos sido testigos de una forma infrecuente, pero no menos grave de maltrato; se trata del síndrome del niño sacudido. Esta entidad descrita ya en la década de los setenta ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios que han permitido una mejor comprensión de su patogenia. Las lesiones frecuentemente encontradas son el hematoma subdural y las hemorragias retinianas, en general sin otras lesiones externas y habitualmente en el contexto de una historia clínica inconsistente o variable en el tiempo. Los Tribunales de Familia, recién implementados en Chile, pretenden resolver de manera oportuna y eficiente ciertas materias, entre las cuales el maltrato infantil es tema prioritario. El objetivo del presente documento es revisar los aspectos médicos fundamentales de esta modalidad de agresión, además de orientar la conducta legal ante un niño maltratado.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Child Abuse/legislation & jurisprudence , Shaken Baby Syndrome/complications , Shaken Baby Syndrome/diagnosis , Chile , Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Prognosis , Shaken Baby Syndrome/therapy
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